african and carribean witchcraft

GHANA WITCHCRAFT

Table Of Contents
1. Preface
2. Significance of Festivals in Ghana
3. Fetish Priests
4. Black Stool
5. Paul Isert's Letters (1776)
6. Festivals Held In The Akupem Traditional Area
7. The Art and Culture of Ohum and Odwira
8. Celebrations Event Day By Day
9. Deliverance
10.Female genital Mutilation (FGM)
11.Additional Subjects To Consider
13.References
Preface
In 2004/2005 I made a missionary trip to Ghana to help establish a Christian work there. I ministered to the people corporately and privately. I learned a lot about the people, nation and customs. This lesson is written about the witchcraft practiced in Ghana. Basically the following is worship of demons and idolatry of other gods other than THE FATHER, SON AND HOLY SPIRIT. These bring many spiritual and other problems on Ghana contributing to the condition the nation is in today.
Significance of Festivals in Ghana
Many of the activities associated with the festivals result in tensions. We visualize these tensions through the metaphor of call and response dancers responding to the urgent call of drumming, food-carrying messengers responding, swaying and bending to the calls of the spirits possessing them. Women; cooling and praising with fanning cloths, responding to these spirit-laden messengers. the festival itself is a response to the call of spiritual and social renewal.
Fetish Priests
Fetish priests date back to at least 1733 and have played a significant role in Ghana. One practice was to drink fetish.
Black Stool
The Black Stool embodies the soul of the State and his authority to rule over his State.
Paul Isert's Letters (1786)
It is the general custom that if they present a stranger something to drink they have to try it first, before they present it to him as a sign that there is no poison in it. This custom may have been necessary in earlier times where they still tried to get rid of their enemies in that way. Now they know a more profitable method, they sell them to Europeans.
Festivals Held In The Akupem Traditional Area
It is the festival celebrated on two separate days to mark periodic visits to the sacred stool house for the performance of the rites of offering drinks and food to the sacred stools. The chief and his elders offer prayers to request long life, prosperity, knowledge and good health for the chiefs, elders and the people of the area.
If someone dies on the day of the Adae or the day before, it is considered a taboo, since it is viewed as desecration. In that case, the day is not observed and the relatives of the deceased, have to sanctify the sacred stools by the slaughtering of sheep.
All forms of noise-making activities are banned; the drums are not beaten, dirges are not sung, funerals are not held and mourning is banned. In short, it is a period of showing reverence to the gods and sacred stools by keeping noise levels to the barest minimum.
If anyone refuses to abide by the regulations governing Adaebutuw, the one is compelled to slaughter a sheep to pacify the gods.
One of the most significant festival celebrated is Odwire, during which the people sanctify themselves, get in tune with their inner-selves and make merry to appease their souls. That is the time the people remember prominent citizens, geniuses and their own deceased relatives.
During the celebration of the yam festival, the newly harvested yam is taken out doors and the gods are fed with the new yam. Before the new yam is taken out doors, it is a taboo to carry the raw yam in the open or sell it in the market place. It is also a taboo to eat new yams.
They feed their gods and ancestors, sanctify themselves and make merry. After parading the town with the new yam, the executioners go to the sacred grove to bring the Odwira. They also inform the chief and his elders about the good job they did at the grove. As they move around, they mark the foreheads and chest of the chief and his elders with a substance they bring along, to signify the Odwira blessing.
Wednesday is a very solemn day set aside for mourning the dead. They also feed their various sacred stools - both small and great ones.
On Thursday, the drums are beaten and the people bring their ancestral food. The meals include these belonging to the paramount chief, sub-chiefs and great personalities who have passed on.
Many of the male adults who during their childhood, were paraded as the souls and relatives of the carriers, support them on both sides while they move in the procession to the grove where the ancestors are fed. At the grove, the chief stool bearer pours water on the ground and recites the following: Elders, we offer you water, Are you listening? We have no evil intention. It is once again, time to honor you, feed you and offer you water.
The procession returns to the Mpeni tree, which is considered as sacred. They proceed to the old palace, the sacred fenced old burial grounds for departed royals, and the entry points of the various sectors of the town, to perform the same activities. The elders also perform the rite known as sesadompe to end the day's celebrations.
The second Sunday, the paramount chief and all the males who have acted as his soul, sanctify themselves by observing Abam.
The Art and Culture of Ohum and Odwira
Odwira means purification. Like other parts of Ghana, Ohum and Odwira have important political, social and religious significance.
Purification of the land and people by the chief and priest for the spiritual and social renewal to face the trials and triumphs of another year - a high priest sprinkles water mixed with adwira leaves to cleanse and purify. Royal stools and sacred places are also cleansed.
Mourning those who passed away in the year. Making a new agricultural year by introduction of new yam, feeding with the brave ancestors who are deemed to be present on such occasions.
The festivals are mainly the dramatization of sacred traditions, myths, and legends, handed down by the ancestors of the Oman. Tuesday has stool washing rituals. Wednesday has State mourning for departed souls. Libation pouring and other customary rites are performed at the ancestral village. Thursday is a day set aside for general feasting and presentation of gifts to the stool.
By way of re-affirming allegiance to the Paramount Stool, the chiefs come before the Omanhene, on after the other, to pay homage. After brief drumming and dancing sessions, the senior state linguist pours libation for the prosperity of the Sate and all present.
It is thought that fetish or juju is for the black man. One very interesting aspect of Akuapem social life is that Christianity is very dominant, yet the indigenous customs and traditions still exist.
Celebrations Event Day By Day
Monday: Path Clearing: After preparatory sacrifices, those will leave the town to clear the pathway leading to the royal mausoleum. It has a symbolic value. It does not only open the gates so that the ancestors may come in and eat, but also keeps the lines of communication open between the living and the ancestors so that the ancestors may travel home without hindrances.
Tuesday: Bringing in the Odwira: The group will return with a purifying, strengthening mixture which has been prepared. They will also bring other sacred materials, all combining to form the symbol representing the Odwira which will be ceremonially presented.
Wednesday: Remembering the Departed: Starting from dawn, there will be general mourning in remembrance of dead relatives in almost every house.
Thursday: Symbolic cleansing of the traditional area and people: The black stools will be taken to the Adami stream for purification. The ritual of unification will be done under strict security precautions.
Renewing of allegiance: Chiefs will go to the stool room to renew their allegiances to the paramount stool.
Feeding the ancestors: Food will be carried in procession to feed the ancestors. It is significant to note how many of the carriers of this sacred food are possessed by the spirits of the ancestors.
Customary blessings: Divisional chiefs will meet in the stool house to renew their allegiance to the Oton Stool.
Friday: Shortly before the great durbar, the ancestral food of the Asonahene stool will also be sent to Nsorem.
Deliverance
The above practices can be listed under the general practices of witchcraft: spirits possessing those involved with these activities, submitting to fetish priests who worship other gods, eating and drinking fetish and juju food, worshiping and sacrificing to stools, selling their enemies into slavery, following taboos, sacrificing animals, showing reverence to the gods and stools, sanctifying, cleansing and purifying themselves for worship of gods, worship of ancestors, worshiping sacred landmarks, dedication children to dead ancestors, following sacred rites, traditions, myths and legends, and pouring libations. Take the person through deliverance from evil spirits.
Female genital Mutilation (FGM)
This is a traditional practice that has taken a deep root in the societies. The Practitioners of FGM believe that they were chosen by the gods to practise this act. Therefore stopping the practice will mean they they have disobeyed the gods. As a result, the gods will bring hardships on them and their families; this might result in the death of the practitioner or a family member.
Some traditional beliefs which are incorrect are as follows: Mothers believe that if their daughters are circumcised, then they can perform important rites at their funeral. A woman who has not under gone FGM is considered not clean enough to handle food or water and an unmutilated female cannot conceive. Some other FGM societies believe that if the clitoris touches a man's penis that man might die or become impotent. It is also the belief that the newborn might die if the head touches the mother's clitoris. If he does not die, then he will become a stubborn child as he grows. the frightening part is the belief that mutilation would prevent vaginal cancer; for fear of the unknown, the practice continues.
There are health consequences of FGM, physical complications and psychological effects: severe pain or bleeding, infection, HIV/AIDS, broken bones of legs, leaking of urine, painful menstruation, difficulty in the sexual act and during pregnancy and delivery, agony and pain leading to depression and isolation, fear of operation, dreading sex because of anticipated pain, dreading childbirth, frigidity, withdrawal, martial disharmony, dehumanizing, mutilation, and related characteristics. Pray for the person's healing of body and soul.
There are spiritual consequences of FGM: allowing a person to operate who is practicing witchcraft and is subject to gods (demons), and spirits associated with demonic traditional beliefs. Take the person through deliverance from evil spirits.
Additional Subjects To Consider
Do additional research to establish the need for deliverance and healing from ungodly beliefs, tradition, culture and idolatry fro the following:
African Traditional Beliefs
Christianity and African Tradition
Relationship Between Traditional Culture And Christianity
Mysterious natural land formations
Sacred groves
Sacred reptiles
Shrines to gods
African diseases
References
2004 Akuapen Odwira Festival
The Mirror, Saturday, December 4, 2004

JESUS IS THE DELIVERER
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CARIBBEAN WITCHCRAFT

ATTACK - ATTACK - ATTACK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. PREFACE
2. THE SAINTS IN LIGHT
3. MINISTERING DELIVERANCE
4. DELIVERANCE AND HEALING MANUAL
5. EVERY WIND OF DOCTRINE
1. Voodoo
6. OCCULT ABC - EXPOSING OCCULT PRACTICES AND IDEOLOGIES
1. Black Mass
2. Queen of Darkness - Queen of Black Witches
3. Vampires
4. Conquest of the Mighty
5. Roman Catholic Church
6. Rock Music
7. WEBSTERS NEW TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY UNABRIDGED
1. Creole
2. Prayer for Creoles
3. Voodoo
8. BLOOD ON THE DOORPOSTS
1. Procedures For Renouncing Strongmen From Various Cults
1. Voodoo
9. A MANUAL FOR THE DELIVERANCE WORKER
1. Characteristics Of The Most Important Deities Of Santeria
1. Sequence of Description: Santo - Function/Power -
Specific Punishment Inflicted - Christian
Syncretism - Necklace - Symbols / Depiction -
Propitiation
2. DELIVERANCE FROM VOODOO AND AFRICAN CURSES
1. Preface
2. Black Americans
3. New Orleans
4. Louisiana
5. References
10. DICTIONARY OF CULTS, SECTS, RELIGIONS AND THE OCCULT
1. SOUTH AMERICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN CULTS
2. MACUMBA
1. Macumba
2. Abakua Cult
3. Cabildo Cult
4. Candomble Cult
5. Convince Cult
6. Myal Cult
3. SANTERIA
4. VOODOO - VODUN
5. REFERENCE
11.REFERENCES
PREFACE
This is a combination of American, Caribbean and African witchcraft. Caribbean Witchcraft is in the southern states and moving inland. If you have African, Spanish or French ancestry, Caribbean Witchcraft may have affected you. I have tried to separate Caribbean Witchcraft from other more common types of witchcraft.
THE SAINTS IN LIGHT
Dr. Bern Zumpano is a medical doctor, psychiatrist and pastor that casts out demons. Noteworthy is the fact that in every country or nation in which these forms of witchcraft are practiced, the nations are in poverty and oppression (spiritual, physical, political), and the people are demonically oppressed or even demonized. They are often naked, and have great need and lack because they are cut off from God and His ways.
An example would be the Caribbean witchcraft, spirits such as those of Cuban Santeria, where the gods such as San Lazarro (Saint Lazarus) and Santa Barbara (Saint Barbara) are Christianized cover-ups for African nature spirits worshipped by slaves brought from Africa to Cuba and other areas of the Caribbean and South America.
Other examples of such witchcraft are that of the practice of Macumba of Brazil, Obeah of Jamaica, and the Voodoo of Haiti.
MINISTERING DELIVERANCE
Paul Fernandez is an evangelist. Paul, Eve and myself wrote a School of Deliverance - Outline of Instruction. He states that there is a parallel between: Macumba (Portuguese), Voodoo (French) and Santeria (Spanish). This is because of the different languages in the countries.
DELIVERANCE AND HEALING MANUAL
Rex Shanks is a deceased deliverance minister. His favorite statement is "Get them free and free indeed." He shares about his experiences in the Caribbean (Haiti, Jamaica and Trinidad) relative to witchcraft and voodoo. It is said that the main thing voodooism spirits do is to figure out who is in charge. Then they try to stop the leader so that the meetings cannot be held. You are fighting a real enemy, the Devil.
Once, he encountered one of the worst voodooism forces; they said if it had hit him, it would have killed him. Another time, he jumped a small stream, something hit him from behind, pushed his face into the mud, and he could not move. Another time, he saw a form about 8' to 9' tall, 20' wide and 1' to 2' thick. It hit him and forced his foot into the frame of the bridge, breaking his leg. Another time, something closed his throat so that he could not speak outloud. Another time, he saw about 15 to 20 snake spirits wrapped around the chest of a pastor. Another time, he saw snakes tied around a husband's waist. He saw darts sticking out of his wife's body.
EVERY WIND OF DOCTRINE
Voodoo
Voodoo (from voiding meaning spirit) is a folk religion of Haiti, consisting of a mixture of African witchcraft and elements from other religions and cults, including Roman Catholicism and Spiritism.
Initially Voodoo came to the Western Hemisphere over 200 years ago when the first African slaves were sold in the West Indies. From there it was introduced into the United States, resulting in heavy concentrations of Voodoo worshippers in the South, especially in New Orleans.
The Africans brought with them their religious beliefs and practices, which were in turn modified by indigenous concepts, by Roman Catholicism and Spiritism, as well as by other religious traditions and superstitions. Voodoo (often called Hoodoo by African descendants) is still practiced in many places in the world today, such as Haiti, South America, Africa, Trinidad, Jamaica, Cuba, and in the United States, especially in the South and in Harlem, or wherever there are heavy concentrations of African descendents. In many cities today (New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, New Orleans) one can purchase a wide assortment of witchcraft and voodoo supplies, including such things as hexing dolls, ingredients for casting magic spells, black candles, and charm powders. Just a few years ago in Arizona, a woman under a voodoo spell was arrested for shooting her husband. The reports of revenge killings, strange illnesses, accidents, injuries, curses, and other atrocities committed by Voodoo cults against their enemies are quite well known.
As history shows, the slaves were generally oppressed and had few liberties; Voodoo worship and ritual, therefore, became an outlet for their frustrations. Since the rites were secret, it was also a means of gaining a measure of freedom by participation with other slaves in something from which the white man was excluded. Membership in the cult also afforded one protection against the black magic of others, as well as access to magical charms and remedies in case of illness or injury.
The voodoo religion consists primarily of the worship of ancestors and a complicated hierarchy of gods who, according to Voodoo beliefs, seek to manifest themselves by taking possession of their worshippers during their frenzied dances. This amalgamation of ancestral spirits and deities is known collectively as loa. During their ceremonies as they drink and dance wildly, the participants fall into a trance and supposedly become possessed by these spirits (which are actually demons). In this state the possessing spirit may manifest itself and begin to speak, sing, or curse, as well as offer advice, or cure the sick.
Although Voodoo ceremonies vary somewhat from place to place, they are essentially the same. They are presided over by a priest or priestess who leads the rituals, which include singing and dancing to the sensuous beat of drum rhythms, thus invoking the presence of the spirits. There are ritual offerings of food, and the blood offerings of animals or fowls. As the music, drink and dances begin to take effect, one after another of the participants begin to fall into a state of trance as the demons (impersonating ancestors or gods) begin to take possession of their devotees, who then take on the characteristics of the god or deceased ancestor.
The Voodoo cults practice both white and black magic, and engage in various forms of Spiritism and occultism (mediumistic trance, divination, magic charming, etc.) There are magic rituals designed for the successful performance of practically any purpose desired from inflicting injury or death upon an enemy to bringing good luck in marriage, or success in one's business.
The figure of the zombie, which was imported from Africa, is the Voodoo belief that a corpse can be reanimated by a spirit who can then be made to obey mechanically the wishes of the Voodoo priest. One of the most curious aspects of voodooism is the incorporation into its rites of portions of Catholic rituals, prayers, liturgies and the reverence of the saints. Most Voodoo services to honor the loa are conducted by priests before an altar covered with candles and surrounded with the pictures and statues of the saints, amid hymns addressed to them and to the Virgin Mary.
OCCULT ABC - EXPOSING OCCULT PRACTICES AND IDEOLOGIES
Black Mass
In Haiti, the high priest drinks the blood of children at the annual festival. In the Macumba groups in Brazil, the same thing is done at the initiation of a Mae de Santo (cult mother).
Queen of Darkness - Queen of Black Witches
The leaders of this cult still practice child sacrifice, and occasionally even sacrifice adults, in connection with cannibalism. There are cult mothers of the spiritist Macumba cult. Haiti is the home of voodoo, a mixture of black magic and criminal spiritism. Here a Queen of Darkness is chosen each year, one of whose duties is to perform the fourteen-day child sacrifice. Practices of the Queens include devil worship, high priestesses, black witches, exhuming fresh graves, Satanists, insanity, dancing in the nude, sex orgies, lesbianism, homosexuality, sadistic and masochistic excesses, levitation, killing birds in flight, making objects appear and disappear, apport or demonstration of powers, and walking through a great bonfire. (New Orleans has a Queen of Black Witches.)
Vampires
(Do you think vampirism is going on today?) Vampirism is practiced by Satanists and those who have sold themselves to the Devil with their blood, by the Macumba people, and by those who practice voodoo. These people torture their fellow humans, especially children, sucking their blood or drinking it as part of a ritual, or in the celebration of the black mass. This includes spiritism, demon cult, and demon marriage with incubus or succuba.
Conquest of the Mighty
Some of the strongest forms of spiritism and magic are found among the Macumba groups in South America, Voodoo in Haiti, the Zombis in Africa and Asia, and the Shamans of Siberia and Alaska.
Roman Catholic Church
Many witches have sought out the Roman priesthood as part of their magical development. Totally Pagan magical religions like Voodoo, Macumba and Santeria can effortlessly blend African gods and goddesses like Erzulie within Catholic devotions to Mary.
Rock Music
Many of the rock giants of the past have acknowledged the influence of voodoo (which is an African / Catholic hybrid religion from Haiti), juju and Obeah (African magic) in their music.
WEBSTERS NEW TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY UNABRIDGED
Creole
Creole is the result of intermixing of the African, French and Spanish races and religious traditions of the French, Spanish and African migrants. Creole in New Orleans is associated with Voodoo. How many of you are Creole?
Prayer for Creoles
I forgive my African, French and Spanish nationalities for their sins against the people of those nationalities. I ask that you forgive them and bless them with salvation. I break Creole curses on me in THE NAME OF JESUS CHRIST. Amen
Voodoo
A body of primitive rites and practices, based on a belief in sorcery and in the power of charms, fetishes, etc. found among natives of the West Indies and in the southern United States, and ultimately of African origin.
BLOOD ON THE DOORPOSTS
Procedures For Renouncing Strongmen From Various Cults
Voodoo
1. The Egyptian Magic Current then emigrated to the French colonies in the New World, where it joined with African Obeah and French Catholicism to produce Voodoo.
2. Voodoo is one of the most dangerous and perverted forms of witchcraft, involving demonic possession, drunkenness, necromancy and bestiality. Underneath its apparently primitive facade is a terrible and sophisticated system of magickal machinery involving the entrance into alien universes and the surrender of yourself to satanic possession of the worst kind.
3. It's the most powerful form of black magic and probably the most shameless.
A MANUAL FOR THE DELIVERANCE WORKER
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DEITIES OF SANTERIA
Sequence of Description: Santo - Function/Power - Specific
Punishment Inflicted - Christian Syncretism - Necklace -
Symbols / Depiction - Propitiation
1. Elegua: Trickster, controls crossroads and gates. Christ Child, St. Anthony of Padua, Holy Guardian Angel. Red and black beads. Clay image with eyes, nose and mouth of cowrie shells. Blood of decapitated black rooster, rum, smoked possum, corn.
2.Obatala: Father of the santos, source of energy, wisdom, purity and peace. Blindness, paralysis and birth deformities. Our Lady of Mercy, Holy Eucharist. White beads. The pearl, white things, white clothes. Female white pigeons, white canaries.
3. Shango: Controls thunder, lightning and fire; warrior deity. Death, suicide by fire. Saint Barbara. Red and white beads. The sword, double-edged axe. Lambs, goats, red roosters, apples and bananas.
4. Oshun: Controls money and love, makes marriages, protects genitals. Abdominal distress, social and domestic strife. Our Lady of Charity. White and yellow beads. Gold, copper, mirrors and seashells; water from the river. Yellow hens, sows, female goat and honey.
5. Yemaya: Primordial mother of the santos, protects womanhood, owns seas. Respiratory distress. Our Lady of Regla. White and blue beads. Virgin Mary as black woman holding white Christ Child. Ducks, water-melons, female goats.
6. Babaluaye: Patron of the sick, especially diseases. Leprosy, gangrene and skin diseases. Saint Lazarus. White and purple beads. Old man on crutches accompanied by dogs. Cigars, pennies, glasses of water.
7. Ogun: Warrior deity, owns metals and weapons. Violent death (e.g. vehicular crash). Saint Peter. Black and green beads. Metal necklace with 10-12 pendants of agricultural tools. Blood and feathers, roosters, the steel knife, railroad ties.
8. Orunla: Patron of diviners, owns the lfa Table and the cowries. Saint Francis of Assisi. Green and yellow beads. Water from the springs, the lfa Table (divination board). White wine, prunes.
DELIVERANCE FROM VOODOO AND AFRICAN CURSES
Preface
Many black people have been involved with voodoo, root workers and doctors, conjure men, and Haitian, African and Black Southern Witchcraft. They do not know about psychic, mystic or hypnotism, but do know about roots. Roots is African Witchcraft brought to America during the slave-trading years. There can be a demonic mixture in the Black churches that came in through a revival of African Witchcraft sometimes under the disguise of Christianity.
Black Americans
In both Haitian Voodoo and Black Voodoo or Witchcraft, both have a belief in the crossroads. The Black American Crossroads and the cross symbol are used to ward off evil. There is nothing holy about it.
This is why the Black people call this root working or root worker. It must be understood that Blacks call types of sorcery, divination or voodoo - witchcraft.
The Black American, in much of the religious beliefs, still cling to certain personal charms or voodoo and witchcraft beliefs. This is a black mixture of voodoo and Christianity.
New Orleans
The Creole Blacks, each year on November 1st gather graveyard dirt from various cemeteries under certain conditions to get a wish, whether good or evil.
Voodoo or Witchcraft is often used for hating, loving, gambling, and keeping one out of jail. The books Secrets Of Albertus Magnus and the Sixth And Seventh Book Of Moses were used to work witchcraft.
Members of the serpent god, Python, the priest and priestess communicated the will of the sacred serpent. In New Orleans voodooism was, in fact, a system of fetish idolatry. Its main feature consisted of the worship of the serpent and Zombie.
The spirit of Li Grand Zombi, and the Python spirit are ruling spirits that guard and over shadow the faithful voodoo worshippers. The word Magnam is associated with voodoo. The priest and priestess are called king and queen, master and mistress, papa and mama.
A red ribbon was worn about the neck in honor of Monsieur Agoussou, the demon upon whom the practitioners called on regarding matters of love. The demon especially loved the color red. This is Love Voodoo.
Louisiana
This voodoo service describes what such a service is like which opens the door to demon possession. The king (priest) places his foot upon the box containing the snake. He seems to get a sort of shock which is transmitted to his queen, and through her to everyone in the circle. Violent convulsions take place, the queen being the most violently affected. From time to time, the serpent is again touched to get more magnetic power. The box is shaken, and tinkling bells on the side increase the general delirium already under way, aggravated by much drinking of spirituous liquors.
Then is pandemonium let loose. Fainting fits and choking spells succeed one another. A nervous tremor possesses everybody. No one escapes its power. They spin with incredible velocity, whilst some, in the midst of these bacchanalian orgies, tear flesh with their gnashing teeth. Others, entirely deprived of reason, fall down to the ground from sheer lassitude, and are carried, still panting and gyrating into the open air.
References
Deliverance From Voodoo And African Curses by Ivory Hopkins, Pilgrims' Ministry Of Deliverance, Harbeson, DE. It is the best book I have found dealing with African curses and I recommend that you obtain it.
Folk Beliefs Of The Southern Negro by Newbell Niles Puckett.
DICTIONARY OF CULTS, SECTS, RELIGIONS AND THE OCCULT
SOUTH AMERICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN CULTS
Latin America, Brazil, Central America and Caribbean; West African religion; slaves; YORUBA and BANTU; eclecticism; ancestral spirits, gods and ANIMISM; ESHU; IFA; ELEGBA and SHANGO; BABALAO and PAPLOI; possessed by ORISHA.
MACUMBA
Macumba
Brazil and West Indies; DAHOMEAN, YORUBA and BANTU; BABALAO and ACHOGUN, ORISHA; ritualistic dances and chants; MAGICAL rites and EBO; TOKHUENI; MAWU LISA, HEVIOSO, LEGBA and LOKO; NZAMBI; QUIMBANDA; ZOMBIISM; CARIAPEMBA, CALUNGA and ORODERE.
Abakua Cult
West Indies; South America and Caribbean; West African, Cuban and Christian; Naniguismo; slaves and deities and cultic rituals; EFO and EFI; OKKOBIO and CASICAN; FAMBA; ERIKUMDE, EDON, MARACAS, IFAN and IFON, DIABLITO and IREME; YORUBA and DIVINATION; baptism and ALBAHACA; OMO ORISHA; secret African name.
Cabildo Cult
Cuba, Africa, Congo and West Indies; BANTU; deities, ORISHA, ELEGBA AND SHANGO; WEMILERE; traditions.
Candomble Cult
West African, Brazilian, Roman Catholicism and European; West Indies, Caribbean and Brazil; UMBANDA; Pocomania and Cumina; YORUBA, DAHOMEAN and BANTU; rituals, animal sacrifice, offerings and dance; ESHU and BLACK MAGIC; TERREIRO; BABALAO, BABALORISHA, BABALOSAIM and BABAOGE; ASHESHE and EGUNS; shells, AKOVEO, ADIJKONE, OPELE, incantations and divination; tattoos and cultic symbols; ANIMISM, OCCULT and CHRISTIANITY.
Convince Cult
Afro-Jamaican and BONGO; OBEAH; DEMON possession and dance rituals; malicious deities.
Myal Cult
Afro-Jamaican; West Africa; Togo and Ivory Coast; Ashanti, West Indies; OBEAH; native religion and African rituals; PANTHEISM.
SANTERIA
Cuba, Afro-Cubans or Lucumi; southern Nigeria; Senegal and Guinea coast; Roman Catholicism and ancient African religions; black slaves; YORUBA and BANTU tribes; cultural traditions and rituals.
Miami, New York and Spanish communities; OLURUN; ORISHA; POLYTHEISM; Seven African Powers: Olurun, Elegua and Eshu, Obatalla, Chango, Oshun, Yemaya, Babalu-Aye, and Oggun; drummers and rhythm or ORU; BABALAO OR SANTEROS; IFA; animals killed and blood sacrifices; incense; Church of the Lukumi; OMO; ritualistic dances, FETISHES, drums, bells, MARACAS, sticks and metals; BOTANICAS; CHARMS, herbs, potions and other objects; deities and possession by orisha.
VOODOO - VODUN
West Indies, Haiti, Cuba and Brazil; New York and America; DAHOMEY; Voodoo, MAGIC and Roman Catholicism; POLYTHEISM; CHRISTIANITY and LOA; cannibalism, child sacrifice and evil cultic rituals; mystical and magical; rituals, ceremonies and deities; DIVINATION; POTEAU-MITAN and VEVERS; Agwe, Zaka, Ezili, Aida Wedo, Ayza, Damballah-wedo, Mawu Lisa, Ogu Bodagris, and Baron Samedi; RADA and PETRO; HUNGAN and MAMBO; humfort or humfo; priest, healer, soothsayer and exorciser; OBTENIR LES YEUX; BOKOR and PRENDRE LES YEUX; divination; WANGAS, PAQUET, BAKAS and AZETOS; hungan or MAMBO; LAVER-TETE and KANZO; deities and LOAS; GROS BON ANGE and PETITT BON ANGE; vex or harm; GOVI; ALTAR; rhythmic dancing and poteaumitan; ASSOTO, ACON, MARACAS and OGAN; boko or CAPLATA; ZOMBI; black magick, dolls, potions and incantations; BOKO; spell; ANIMISTIC; SORCERY, OCCULT, MAGIC and WITCHCRAFT; YORUBAS, oracles, ancestor worship and animal sacrifice; BLACK MAGIC; New Orleans and Congo Square; orgiastic rituals; Voodoo magick; ceremonies and rituals.
REFERENCE
Dictionary of Cults, Sects, Religions and the Occult by George A. Mather and Larry A. Nichols, Zondervan Publishing House
REFERENCES
The following references are highly recommended as well as additional resources provided by these authors. Please write for their catalogs:
Deliverance Manual by Gene and Earline Moody, Deliverance Ministries, 14930 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70817-5217
Occult ABC - Exposing Occult Practices and Ideologies by Kurt E. Kock (deceased), Kregel Publication, Grand Rapids, MI
Blood on the Doorposts - An Advanced Course In Spiritual Warfare by William and Sharon Schnoebelen, Chick Publications, Ontario, CA
A Manual for the Deliverance Worker by Frank Marzullo (deceased).
Every Wind Of Doctrine by Hobart Freeman (deceased). Faith Ministries and Publications, Warsaw, IN.
The Saints In Light - Spiritual Warfare in the Power of the Spirit by Bern Zumpano, Harbor Light Publishers, P.O. Box 161322, Miami, FL 33176
Ministering Deliverance by Paul Fernandex and Bill Wilkes, Impact Books, Kirkwood, MO
Deliverance and Healing Manual by Rex Shanks (deceased).
Breaking Strong Holds in the African-American Family - Strategies for Spiritual Warfare by Clarence Walker, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI

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